This Japanese-made,
remote-controlled tank got tech nerds all excited in 1931. But it wasn’t
just because they saw a new toy. Tech-minded folk of the early 1930s
also saw a utopian solution to war. A solution where, ideally, fewer
humans would have to die.
Ideas about
remote-controlled warfare have been around for over a century. And here
in the 2010s we’re acutely aware that wars can be fought from halfway
around the world. If our generation is remembered for anything, it might
be for our introduction of “drone” into the international lexicon. But
the thing that we so often forget is that the people who built
remote-controlled war machines in the interwar period (between the end
of WWI and the beginning of WWII) thought they were doing humanity a
favor.
There are
countless visions of radio-controlled tanks, unmanned aerial vehicles,
and even gigantic robot fighters from the early 20th century. But the
thing that might be most shocking to readers here in the early 21st
century is that these empty vehicles were all supposed to be fighting
amongst themselves.
The gigantic robots of 1934 were explicitly envisioned to fight “our battles” and whatever robot won, that nation would be declared the victor.
You also see this in the visions of robot tanks. From the April 1931 issue of Radio-Craft magazine (emphasis mine):
Writers of war stories, peering into the future, predict an approaching era when fighting will be done by machinery under remote control. Guns automatically operated will fire from deserted fortifications and from tanks which contain no living operators. Airplanes without human pilots will observe positions through televisors, and drop projectiles guided from a post at headquarters, many miles away. The casualties will be solely among robots of steel and copper, whose orders are conveyed to them by radio, or other subtle signalling methods. Such is the picture which is painted upon the drop curtain which conceals the next war—if it be true that war has not been abolished along with the dips in the business cycle.
Of
course, that bit about abolishing dips in the business cycle gives us a
hint that perhaps the authors of this article didn’t believe
wholeheartedly in the utopian promises of unmanned war.
The article
continued by explaining that the robot tank had recently been
demonstrated in Tokyo, Japan, and that it’s clearly just the start of
something much bigger.
A picture which appeared recently in one of our English contemporaries is reproduced here; the original, it is said, was taken at a public demonstration in Tokio of a tank which was operated entirely by radio from the post in the foreground. The tank went through numerous maneuvers, under full command of its operators, to the enthusiasm of a great crowd of spectators. While the picture does not seem to be of an official type, it is evidently genuine; the tank itself seems rather small and not too war-like.
When
World War II would rear its ugly head, robot tanks would indeed become a
reality. But unfortunately they were the exclusive domain of the Nazis.
The Germans designed two different remote-controlled tanks that carried
explosives: The Borgward IV and the Goliath.
Neither were wireless, so
their range was thankfully limited to however far the remote’s wire
would take them. Both were packed with large payloads and were designed
to explode on impact with their target of Allied troops.
Needless to say,
remote-controlled warfare has not led to a utopian world of robotic
fighting wherein nations simply let the machines battle it out and
declare a winner at the end. That seems about as likely as it did in
1931, along with abolishing “dips in the business cycle.”
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